Programming for Problem Solving Duplicate
  1. Introduction to Components of a Computer System
  2. Introduction to Components of a Computer System
  3. Computing Environments
  4. Computing Environments
  5. Computer Languages
  6. Computer Languages
  7. Creating and Compiling and Executing a Program
  8. Creating and Compiling and Executing a Program
  9. Program Development
  10. Program Development
  11. Number Systems-Binary,Decimal,Hexadecimal and Conversions
  12. Number Systems-Binary,Decimal,Hexadecimal and Conversions
  13. Introduction to Algorithms
  14. Introduction to Algorithms
  15. Representation of Algorithm, Flowchart/Pseudo code with examples
  16. Representation of Algorithm, Flowchart/Pseudo code with examples
  17. Program Design & Structured Programming
  18. Program Design & Structured Programming
  19. Introduction to C Programming :Identifiers
  20. Introduction to C Programming :Identifiers
  21. Introduction to C Programming Language: Variables
  22. Introduction to C Programming Language: Variables
  23. Constants
  24. Constants
  25. Data Types
  26. Data Types
  27. Syntax and Logical Errors in compilation
  28. Syntax and Logical Errors in compilation
  29. Object and Executable code
  30. Object and Executable code
  31. Operators
  32. Operators
  33. Expressions and Precedence
  34. Expressions and Precedence
  35. Precedence and Associativity
  36. Precedence and Associativity
  37. Expression Evaluation
  38. Expression Evaluation
  39. Storage Classes - Auto, Register
  40. Storage Classes - Auto, Register
  41. Storage Classes - Static, Extern
  42. Storage Classes - Static, Extern
  43. Type Conversions
  44. Type Conversions
  45. The Main Method and Command Line arguments
  46. The Main Method and Command Line Arguments
  47. Bitwise AND,OR, XOR, and NOT Operators
  48. Bitwise AND,OR, XOR, and NOT Operators
  49. Conditional Branching
  50. Conditional Branching
  51. Loops
  52. Loops
  53. Other Statements Related to Looping
  54. Other Statements Related to Looping
  55. Input and Output with scanf and printf
  56. Input and Output with scanf and printf
  57. Preprocessor Commands
  58. Preprocessor Commands
  59. Unit - 1 Short Answers Questions
  60. Unit -1 Long Answer Questions
  61. Unit - 1 Problem Solving And Critical Thinking Questions
  1. Arrays - Concepts, Using Arrays in C
  2. Arrays - Concepts, Using Arrays in C
  3. Arrays
  4. Arrays
  5. Two - Dimensional Arrays
  6. Two - Dimensional Arrays
  7. Multidimensional Arrays
  8. Multidimensional Arrays
  9. Strings - Concepts, C Strings
  10. Strings - Concepts, C Strings
  11. Strings - String Input Output functions
  12. Strings - String Input Output functions
  13. String - String Manipulation Functions
  14. String - String Manipulation Functions
  15. String - String Data Conversion
  16. String - String Data Conversion
  17. Strings - Arrays of Strings
  18. Strings - Arrays of Strings
  19. Structures and Unions
  20. Structures and Unions
  21. The Type Definition (typedef)
  22. The Type Definition (typedef)
  23. Declaration and Initialization of Structures
  24. Declaration and Initialization of Structures
  25. Operations on Structures
  26. Operations on Structures
  27. Complex Structures-Nested Structures
  28. Complex Structures-Nested Structures
  29. Complex Structures- Structures Containing Arrays
  30. Complex Structures- Structures Containing Arrays
  31. Complex Structures- Structures and Functions
  32. Complex Structures- Structures and Functions
  33. Complex Structures- Arrays of Structures
  34. Complex Structures- Arrays of Structures
  35. Complex Structures- Passing Structures Through Pointers
  36. Complex Structures- Passing Structures Through Pointers
  37. Unions
  38. Unions
  39. Pointers – Introduction
  40. Pointers – Introduction
  41. Pointers to Pointers, Compatibility
  42. Pointers to Pointers, Compatibility
  43. Pointer Applications-Arrays and Pointers
  44. Pointer Applications-Arrays and Pointers
  45. Pointer Arithmetic and Arrays
  46. Pointer Arithmetic and Arrays
  47. Passing an Array to a Function, Memory Allocation Functions
  48. Passing an Array to a Function, Memory Allocation Functions
  49. Array of Pointers - Programming Applications
  50. Array of Pointers - Programming Applications
  51. Pointers to Void
  52. Pointers to Void
  53. Pointers to Functions
  54. Pointers to Functions
  55. Unit - II Short Answers Questions
  56. Unit - II Long Answer Questions
  57. Unit - II Problem Solving And Critical Thinking Questions

Introduction to Components of a Computer System

Computer :

Computer is an electronic device which operates under the control of instructions stored in its own memory. A computer can take data from the user through input devices (Input), process the user given data (Processing), produces the result to the user through output devices (Output)and stores data (Information) for future use.

Computer can be defined as follows...

 

Computer  Systems :

It is made up of 2 major components

They are :

1) Hardware

2) Software

Computer Hardware :

  • These are the physical components of a computer
  • It consists of 5 Parts
    1. Input Devices           
    2. Output Devices            
    3. CPU
    4. Primary Storage
    5. Secondary Storage

Block diagram of a Computer :

 

Input Devices :

  • These are used to enter data and program into the computer
  • These are for man to machine communication

      Example : Keyboard, mouse, scanner, touch screen, audio input.

Output Devices :

  • These are used to get the desired output from the computer
  • These are for machine to man communication
  • If the output is shown on monitor then it is called “Soft copy
  • If the output is printed on a paper using printer then it is called “hard copy

      Example : Printer, Monitor, Speakers

CPU (Central Processing Unit) :

  • It is responsible for processing the instructions
  • It consists of 3 parts
    • ALU – Arithmetic and Logic Unit
      • ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations like comparisons among data
    • CU- Control Unit
      • CU is responsible for movement of data inside the system
    • Memory
      • Memory is used for storage of data and programs. It is divided into
        • 1) Primary Memory / Main Memory
        • Secondary Memory / Auxiliary Memory
1) Primary Memory :
  • It is also called main memory
  • Data is stored temporarily i.e. data gets erased when computer is turned off

       Example : RAM

2) Secondary Memory :
  • It is also called as auxiliary memory
  • Data is stored permanently so that user can reuse the data whenever he wants.

      Example : Hard disk, CD, DVD, Floppy etc.

Computer Software :

  • The software is used to make the hardware of the computer to function
  • Software is collection of programs (or) instructions
  • Computer software is divided into 2 categories
    • System Software
    • Application Software
  •  They constitute set of programs that manage the hardware resources of a computer

1.System Software :

  • It is divided into 3 classes

Operating System :
  • It acts as an interface between the user and the hardware
  • It makes the system to operate in an efficient manner

      Example : MS DOS, Windows, UNIX, LINUX, etc.

System Support :
  • They provide some utilities and other operating services

     Example : Sort utilities, disk formatting utilities, Security monitors

System Development :
  • It includes
    1. Language translators – Used for converting programs into machine language
    2. Debuggers – for error free programs
    3. CASE tools – Computer Assisted Software Engineering Tools

2.Application Software :

  • It contains programs for performing tasks
  • It is divided into 2 classes

General purpose software :
  • These are purchased from software developers
  • They can be used for more than one application

       Example : Word processors, DBMS etc…

Application Specific Software :
  • It can be used only for intended purpose i.e. for which they were designed

      Example : Accounting system, Hospital management system, Banking system. Etc.